I’ve been at Japan for two weeks this month and have given a series of seminars at Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Hokkaido. Some of these seminars have been about why Japan is such a difficult place to grow cool-season grass. The quick explanation is because the low temperatures in the summer can exceed 27°C for more a month. I’ve also given some seminars about what I learned while working at the Masters Tournament, US Open, and Open Championship in 2010. And I gave two full-day seminars that discussed the effects of temperature on photosynthesis and the use of a growth potential model (生長能) based on optimum temperatures for turfgrass growth.