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Shade from trees will often reduce the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by about 80%. For example, the area in full sun on this green had a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 749 micromoles of photons per square meter per second.

There is an extraordinary article in the Green Section Record by Blake Meentemeyer and Brian Whitlark on turfgrass fertilization. You’ll want to read the full article. It talks about the overall goals of fertilizer application, soil tests, some myth busting, fertilizer and playability, and more.

Bhupendra Singh posted a photo on Instagram with this caption: Growing roots! Tifdwarf at Peacock Course Greens, Delhi Golf Club I wondered how the grass had been managed for the past six months.

An oxymoron is a contradiction in terms, and the one about nutrients being present but not available, or exchangeable but not available, or adequate but limited, is one I hear again and again.

Of the many interesting things in the report by Gelernter et al. on the GCSAA’s second nutrient use survey, I was especially intrigued by the part about soil testing. First, a little background.

I look forward to some photos from Doug Soldat. For many years, he’s had some fascinating photos to share of snow mold on creeping bentgrass. And each year, there was more snow mold where potassium fertilizer was applied, and less snow mold where potassium wasn’t applied.

It’s called A Short Grammar of Greenkeeping. The book is not completely new material. It is based on the 14 articles I wrote in a series for GCM China, which I realized make a short grammar.

I’ve shared some charts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as it changes through the day and through the year at different locations. For example, this is the PAR at Corvallis for each day of 2015.

This is an article I’ve recommended before, and share again here. It is Purchasing new products and technologies: an ethical and common-sense approach by Dr. Robert Carrow. Dr. Carrow explains a procedure for golf course superintendents who want to stay on the cutting edge of advancements to make “wise decisions about purchasing new products/technologies.

For a while, this topic was coming up every few months. Here’s an example from an e-mail inquiry. I paraphrase the words here, but keep the punctuation intact, and I omit course, company, and superintendent names: